With the continuous advancement of technology and social development, agriculture faces new opportunities and challenges as one of the most fundamental human activities.

Against this backdrop, developing modern agriculture has become a common goal for agricultural development worldwide.

Modernizing agriculture is a continuation of traditional practices and a new agricultural paradigm involving comprehensive enhancements in agricultural production, technological innovation, resource utilization, and rural socioeconomic development.

Agricultural modernization entails transitioning from traditional to modern agriculture, building agriculture on the foundation of modern science.

It involves equipping agriculture with modern scientific and industrial technologies, managing agriculture with modern economic principles, and creating a high-yielding, high-quality, low-input agricultural production system and an ecosystem with high transformation efficiency that rationalizes resource utilization while protecting the environment.

The historical process involves broad-ranging and highly integrated technological transformations and economic development. It is both a historical and a global concept, aiming to establish developed agriculture, prosperous rural areas, and a favorable environment.

Transforming agriculture into a modernized primary industry is crucial. Developing modern large-scale agriculture entails constructing a modernized primary industry centered around agriculture.

In the process of advancing agricultural and rural modernization, it is essential to integrate and coordinate the vertical and horizontal integration of agricultural industry chains and construct large-scale industries characterized by high-quality, coordinated development in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and related industries that meet modernization requirements, and create competitive modern agricultural industry clusters.

Although the development of modern agriculture has enormous potential and advantages, it also faces a series of challenges. These challenges stem from technological aspects and various other factors such as policies, society, and the environment.

Firstly, insufficient technological innovation is a significant bottleneck in the development of modern agriculture. Despite continuous advancements in modern agricultural technology, there are still issues with low technical levels and inadequate scientific research capabilities in some areas, mainly rural regions. This hampers fundamental transformations in agricultural production methods and constrains the development of modern agriculture.

Secondly, the lag in rural infrastructure is also a significant factor constraining the development of modern agriculture. Modern agriculture requires advanced agricultural production equipment, information technology support, and convenient transportation and communication infrastructure. However, in some rural areas, the construction of these infrastructure facilities lags, limiting the widespread application of modern agriculture.

Thirdly, environmental pollution and resource scarcity are also among the challenges faced by modern agriculture. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, indiscriminate discharge of wastewater, and other issues harm the ecological environment and affect the quality and safety of agricultural products.

Moreover, some agricultural resources, such as water and land, are also in short supply, posing severe challenges to the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

To overcome the various challenges in the development of modern agriculture, governments and relevant departments of all countries need to adopt a series of measures and suggestions to promote the healthy development of modern agriculture.