Everest's Melting Glacier
Declan Kennedy
| 19-02-2024
· Information Team
Global warming is not just a distant threat—it's a reality that's hitting closer to home than ever before.
One of the most alarming signs of this phenomenon is the rapid melting of glaciers, even in the most remote and iconic locations, such as Mount Everest.
Traditionally, Mount Everest, the tallest peak on Earth, has been viewed as an eternal symbol of endurance and strength. Yet, recent developments paint a starkly different picture.
A glacier that formed merely 2,000 years ago at the South Col of Mount Everest has disappeared in just 25 years. This alarming revelation serves as a clear indicator that human-induced climate change has infiltrated even the most remote and inaccessible corners of our planet.
This discovery stems from the diligent efforts of a team of scientists and mountaineers from the University of Maine, who embarked on an expedition to Everest's South Col Glacier in 2019.
Equipped with state-of-the-art technology, including automated weather stations and ice core drills, the team set out to collect crucial data that would shed light on the extent of glacier retreat in the region.
Their expedition yielded groundbreaking results, earning them three records in the Guinness Book of World Records. Firstly, they achieved the feat of drilling the highest-altitude ice core at 8,020 meters.
Secondly, they discovered the highest-altitude microplastics on land at 8,440 meters, possibly originating from clothing or tents—a grim reminder of the pervasive nature of human impact on the environment. Lastly, they established the highest-altitude weather station on land, located in the treacherous "dead zone" at 8,430 meters above sea level.
Analysis of ice core samples and weather station data revealed alarming trends. Over a mere 25-year period, the South Col Glacier has lost a staggering 55 meters of ice. Furthermore, the glacier's composition has transitioned from being predominantly snow-covered to being dominated by ice—a transformation that likely commenced in the 1950s.
This shift has profound implications, as the reflective properties of snow are replaced by the darker, less reflective surface of ice. Consequently, the rate of ice melt in the region has skyrocketed, driven by intense sunlight, reduced humidity, and strong winds.
The consequences of this accelerated glacier melt are dire and far-reaching. The loss of reflective snow cover exacerbates the absorption of solar radiation, contributing to further warming in the region.
Moreover, the increased volume of meltwater poses threats of flooding and mudslides, particularly in the geologically unstable Tibetan Plateau.
The ramifications extend beyond the immediate vicinity of Everest. Flash floods and landslides, triggered by glacier melt, have already wreaked havoc in neighboring regions. In 2013, devastating floods and landslides in the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand claimed thousands of lives, with countless more reported missing.
Similarly, the partial collapse of the Nanda Devi glacier in Uttarakhand last year destroyed hydroelectric dams under construction, claiming the lives of workers and leaving scores missing.
These events serve as stark reminders of the urgent need for global action to address climate change. The melting of glaciers on Mount Everest not only threatens the delicate balance of ecosystems but also jeopardizes the lives and livelihoods of millions of people downstream.
It's a sobering wake-up call that demands immediate and concerted efforts to mitigate the impacts of global warming before it's too late.